Periodontal disease is, in simplified terms, often defined as gingivitis—an inflammation of the gums. In fact, during the initial stage of the disease, gum inflammation can be observed, which is characterized by a change in color (the gums taking on a deeper hue), swelling, excessive bleeding, or even gum peeling. If this inflammation is not controlled, it can lead to the destruction of the supporting bone structure of the teeth, causing increased tooth mobility and, in extreme cases, tooth loss. In such situations, the disease has reached a more advanced and often irreversible stage, known as periodontitis.
When this condition is diagnosed, it is essential for the clinician to screen for possible risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, genetic predisposition, or more commonly, poor oral hygiene.
During periodontology consultations, diagnosis is primarily carried out through periodontal probing, followed by thorough cleaning procedures of the dental surfaces. In simpler cases, a scaling procedure is sufficient, while in more severe cases—where tartar is adhered to the roots beneath the gum line—a root planing may be necessary.
In some instances, the previously described treatments may not be enough, and minor surgical procedures under local anesthesia may be required. These can involve accessing subgingival tartar (below the gum), regenerating the supporting bone, or even improving gum aesthetics.
It is important to highlight that patients with this type of pathology, even when it is under control, have a high tendency for recurrence or reactivation. Therefore, continuous monitoring and maintenance are essential to prevent the disease from returning.
